Application of nitrate supplement anaerobic fermented human waste as a fertilizer to grow Azolla microphylla

Astronaut waste has the potential to be used for organic fertilizer to support waste recycling and bio-regenerative life support systems for future space exploration. Aquatic fern, Azolla, makes symbiosis with cyanobacteria that could assimilate free nitrogen from the atmosphere. The prospect of fermented human waste used as fertilizer to grow 𝘈𝘻𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 has been observed in this study. Fermented human waste (HW 1:35) supplemented with 50 mg/L NaNO3 may enhance A. 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 fresh weight and green area index compared to other HW treatments. Lower biomass of A. 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 with HW + 50 mg/L NaNO3 than fertilizer control might correlate with lower initial NO3− and PO43− in growth media. However, A. 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 with HW 1:35 + NaNO3 50 mg/L showed a better green area index than A. 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 with fertilizer. Metabolomics analysis revealed that A. 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 with HW 1:35 + NaNO3 50 mg/L might perform alternative energy metabolism through up-regulation of adenosine and aspartic acid, resulting in a higher green index area. Limited PO43− in growth media might also highly induce chlorogenic acid and kaempferol expressions that might affect allelopathy and shift in energy use efficiency for biomass accumulation. Thus, sufficient N and P supplementation in HW is recommended for A. microphylla cultivation.

𝗞𝗘𝗬 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦

1. A fermented human waste (HW) supplemented with 50 mg/L NaNO3 could be used as fertilizer for 𝘈𝘻𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 cultivation to support long-term space missions.
2. Sufficient initial N and P levels are essential to support 𝘈𝘻𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 growth.
3. Azolla microphylla might perform an alternative energy metabolism under HW + NaNO3 50 mg/L to increase the green area index.

𝗙𝗨𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗗 ❯❯
Exploring KMUTT Research That Shapes Tomorrow

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